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Ethical reflection of human smuggling in the contemporary discussion
Cahlík, Jakub ; Jinek, Jakub (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the phenomenon of human smuggling into the European Union and the subsequent ethical reflection on such behaviour. Human smuggling is an illegal activity, the eradication of which has become one of the main objectives of European policy to curb irregular migration in recent years. However, this has been done without reflecting on the specific acts of smuggling, which has resulted in the criminalisation of actions that are morally right and even necessary, as they help to fulfil the fundamental human rights of migrants. This thesis presents people smuggling into the EU in its entirety, provides the socio-historical context from which the phenomenon emerges, and outlines an approach to how people smuggling can be ethically evaluated in specific situations so as to avoid condemning humanitarian acts. Key words Human smuggling, human rights, state sovereignty, irregular migration, ethics
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How the World Views the Israeli and Hungarian migration policies
Piletskaya, Vera Nika ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Landovský, Jakub (referee)
The vitality of study of migration and its outcomes has become one of the red flags of the century. Since the years 2014-2015 western countries have become the destination, but how does the world see migration policies of Hungary and Israel - the two very far from each other states that, with a detailed analysis of their regulations, laws, detentions, and facilities for those purposes, appear to have a number of correlations. Badly equipped detention centres and/or camps, long-time application procedures, attempts to relocate refugees, and built-up fences form the common ground of the two countries. Robert Cooper's theory from "The Breaking of Nations" (2004) on the state formation is meant to differentiate the world into three categories, pre-modern, modern, and post-modern. Those would have different opinion on Israeli and Hungarian migration policies, but how does that perception vary? Three focus states would be the representatives for those types of state formation. Libya is for pre-modern states, those are unstable and face the risk of falling from the uneven, usually military, order to chaos; the United States of America comes as a representation of the modern states, which focus on the balance of power, and national security and privacy of their affairs prevails over other matters; and the...
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Irregular Female Labour Migration from Ukraine for Labour to the Elderly Care Sector in Italy
Zibner, Rahel ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Ledeneva, Alena (referee)
This research deals with irregular female migration from Ukraine to Italy for employment as caregivers to the elderly. The main questions to be addressed are: 'What are the reasons for Ukrainian women to migrate irregularly to such a large extent to Italy? Which important aspects are connected to their employment as a caregiver to the elderly from the individual point of view of Ukrainian women? In this thesis I want to explain the reasons for Ukrainian women to take up work as irregular caregivers in Italy, giving insight into the organization of daily life of irregular Ukrainian care givers. Practical examples will be given that examine the help women receive from Ukrainian professional and private networks. Despite information gaps, the combination of expert and migrant interviews in combination with the analysis of research studies and secondary sources produced important findings on this topic. Firstly, irregular female migration is economically motivated and women are driven to Italy through specific push and pull factors. Secondly, employment and daily life as a caregiver to the elderly in Italy entails economic advantages, but psychological disadvantages for Ukrainian women. 1
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Tackling irregular forms of migration: irregular migrants in the European Union - do they enjoy the rights contained in the UN Migrant Workers Convention?
Babická, Karolína ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Scheu, Harald Christian (referee) ; Jeřábková, Věra (referee)
The UN Migrant Workers Convention (CMW) that provides for fundamental human rights for migrant workers and members of their families has been adopted in 1990. Until today, none of the EU Member States has signed or ratified it. The EU Member States argue that there is no need for them to accede to the CMW, as, inter alia, the rights contained in it are already secured by other international human rights instruments and in the EU legal instruments. Additionally to the claim of the CMW redundancy for the current EU legal framework, the Member States have several times repeated the fear that the ratification of the CMW could give irregular migrants more rights and increase irregular migration to the EU. Inspired by these two in fact contradictory arguments, this research aims to explore the scope of irregular migrants related human rights protection under international and European law and verify the basis of the EU Member states claims by comparing the scope of rights of irregular migrant workers in the EU with the standards embedded in the CMW. The main research questions posed are What human rights are the irregular migrants entitled to in the EU, based on international and European legal instruments? Is the CMW indeed redundant and unnecessary in the legislative framework of the European Union or is it...
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The ideational leadership of the European Commission in its legislative response to the surge in irregular migration
Forsman, Alice Felicia ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Broad, Matthew (referee)
The aim of this paper is to examine the ideational leadership of the European Unions' executive institution, the European Commission, by studying its legislative response to the surge in irregular migration to the European Union in 2015 and 2016. In order to assess which form of ideational leadership the Commission expresses, key ideas, rooted in either liberalism or realism, were extracted from the selected documents with the help of an analytical tool, created for a deductive qualitative content analysis based on Watt Boolsens' seven step model. Ten legislative documents proposed by the Commission, deemed relevant to its response to irregular migration, ranging from the period May 2015 to June 2016, were selected. Meaningful entities of these documents were coded and designated a subcategory belonging to key ideas of either liberal or realist nature. These subcategories originate from the main categories: State & Individuals, Humanism & Rights, Borders & Security, and lastly International actors & Cooperation. This paper is thereby able to demonstrate which ideas prevail in the Commissions' legislative response to failures in policy during a time of crisis. The results indicate that the Commission expresses ideas predominantly rooted in realism, such as cooperation when deemed beneficial to the...
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Irregular Migration in the Mediterranean Sea: The Role of Europol and European Migrant Smuggling Centre
Kozáková, Marie ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the role of Europol and the EMSC in solving the migration crisis in the Mediterranean. As a result of the rising number of migrants arriving to Europe, crime rate has increased, mainly smuggling of illegal migrants, which required swift and effective actions by European institutions and agencies. This study uses the theory of new institutionalism which reflects the interest in the study of institutions that have a significant impact on formation of attitudes and behavior of institutional stakeholders. The aim is to analyze the process of institutionalization among the European stakeholders in response to the migration crisis from 2015 till 2019. The process of institutionalization includes political debates by EU officials and documents issued by the European Commission that have contributed to the reorganization within Europol and emergence of new platforms. By analyzing these individual steps, the thesis aims to present the role of individual institutional elements in dealing with criminal activities related to illegal migration and how these elements ensure security within the European area.
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Tackling irregular forms of migration: irregular migrants in the European Union - do they enjoy the rights contained in the UN Migrant Workers Convention?
Babická, Karolína ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Scheu, Harald Christian (referee) ; Jeřábková, Věra (referee)
The UN Migrant Workers Convention (CMW) that provides for fundamental human rights for migrant workers and members of their families has been adopted in 1990. Until today, none of the EU Member States has signed or ratified it. The EU Member States argue that there is no need for them to accede to the CMW, as, inter alia, the rights contained in it are already secured by other international human rights instruments and in the EU legal instruments. Additionally to the claim of the CMW redundancy for the current EU legal framework, the Member States have several times repeated the fear that the ratification of the CMW could give irregular migrants more rights and increase irregular migration to the EU. Inspired by these two in fact contradictory arguments, this research aims to explore the scope of irregular migrants related human rights protection under international and European law and verify the basis of the EU Member states claims by comparing the scope of rights of irregular migrant workers in the EU with the standards embedded in the CMW. The main research questions posed are What human rights are the irregular migrants entitled to in the EU, based on international and European legal instruments? Is the CMW indeed redundant and unnecessary in the legislative framework of the European Union or is it...
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Migrants in irregular position - Czechia: a country of destination
Medová, Lenka ; Drbohlav, Dušan (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Toušek, Václav (referee)
Since the beginning of the 1990s, Europe has been confronted with an increase of irregular migration in connexion to the collapse of the communist regimes. Today, it is estimated that there are from about 2 to 4 million irregular migrants living in the European Union. Most of them take part in local informal economies. Besides traditional immigration countries of Western Europe, the southern European countries have also become a destination region of irregular migration. Recently though, the same can be said about some post- communist European countries, namely Czechia. The dissertation focuses on irregular migration in Czechia. More specifically, it deals with irregularly working migrants in the period preceding the global economic crisis. As there is insufficient level of knowledge of the phenomenon in Czechia, the dissertation delivers empirical material regarding forms and reasons of irregular migration and structure, volume and strategies of irregularly working migrants. These characteristics are framed within the European context. Moreover, from the terminological point of view, the dissertation tries to bypass the limitations of the Czech literature and presents own terminology of the given processes and their actors. Finally, the dissertation aims to contribute to current theoretical and...
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Detention and its role in international migration of foreigners in the Czech Republic
Kubát, Jan ; Drbohlav, Dušan (advisor) ; Janská, Eva (referee)
Detention and its role in international migration of foreigners in the Czech Republic Aims of thesis are evaluation of detention, its influence and role in migration processes of foreigners in Czech Republic, as a restrictive action against irregular migration which is applied within common homecoming politics of EU countries, followed by analysis of conditions and informal structures which are related to irregular migration issues in Czech Republic. Individual aims are accomplished in two steps. At first is discussed present knowledge of detention, its part in migration processes, and theoretical definition of irregular migration's and detention's issues. In theoretical section of diploma project is considered mainly the detention's function in migration process from the point of view of migration concepts, negative impact of irregular migration, smuggling and trafficking, client system, EU migration politics' approach to irregular migration, migration politics' restrictive instrument and measures leading to criminalization, securitization and extraterritoriality of irregular migration, law regulation of detention and its application within detention facilities in Czech republic. The second step comprises survey aiming on detention's function and influence in migration processes of 42 foreigners...
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Irregular Female Labour Migration from Ukraine for Labour to the Elderly Care Sector in Italy
Zibner, Rahel ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Ledeneva, Alena (referee)
This research deals with irregular female migration from Ukraine to Italy for employment as caregivers to the elderly. The main questions to be addressed are: 'What are the reasons for Ukrainian women to migrate irregularly to such a large extent to Italy? Which important aspects are connected to their employment as a caregiver to the elderly from the individual point of view of Ukrainian women? In this thesis I want to explain the reasons for Ukrainian women to take up work as irregular caregivers in Italy, giving insight into the organization of daily life of irregular Ukrainian care givers. Practical examples will be given that examine the help women receive from Ukrainian professional and private networks. Despite information gaps, the combination of expert and migrant interviews in combination with the analysis of research studies and secondary sources produced important findings on this topic. Firstly, irregular female migration is economically motivated and women are driven to Italy through specific push and pull factors. Secondly, employment and daily life as a caregiver to the elderly in Italy entails economic advantages, but psychological disadvantages for Ukrainian women. 1
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